The study investigated the effect of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy on Mathematics Performance of Secondary School Students. Sixty Senior Secondary School II (SSS II) students were used for the study. The research adopted a pretest, post-test and control group quasi-experimental design with a 2x2 factorial matrix. Two schools were randomly selected from two different Local Government Areas in Ibadan. Thirty participants each with anxiety were randomly selected from the two selected schools for the treatment and control group respectively. The instruments used for the study were Mathematics Anxiety Scale and Mathematic Achievement Test. The data was analyzed with the aid of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The finding indicates that the participants exposed to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy showed a significant improvement in their mathematics performance when compared to the control group. Also, it is found that mathematics anxiety if not managed well has a significant effect on mathematics performance of students. It was recommended that counselling psychologists should deploy cognitive behaviour therapy in remediation of poor academic performance among students
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